To what extent should we allow L1 in the L2 classroom Free Essays

Presentation The utilization of a student’s first language (L1) in a second language study hall (L2) has been bantered for various years (Morahan 2010) inside the standards set by Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL). Numerous instructors have any intrinsic understanding that educating in a subsequent language is psychologically more unpredictable than that of a first language (He 2011). Numerous researchers banter the significance of L1 in the L2 study hall with different contentions identified with language securing, how the understudy compartmentalizes the two dialects inside memory and L2 introduction inside classes (Cook 2001). We will compose a custom paper test on How much would it be a good idea for us to permit L1 in the L2 homeroom? or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Examination over the former decades have seen an expansion in ESL in the study hall and has become a basic subject of commitment in school as well as in a more extensive society (Ford 2009). Proof has demonstrated that authors engauge in their L1 in any event, when moving toward assignments set inside their L2 (van Weijen et al. 2009). This shows there is mix somewhere in the range of L1 and L2. This paper means to look at a portion of the complexities faces by TESOL and understudies while encouraging the utilization (or non-utilization) of L1 in the L2 study hall and the degree to which we ought to empower the utilization of L1. The importance of L1 in the L2 homeroom There is a crucially significant job to be played by the L1 and L2 homeroom as to the degree of bilingualism that has emerged in the previous 40 years (Milroy Muysken 1995, p.1) with regularly propelling innovation and connectedness of countries. Colonization has implied that the requirement for people to have the option to impart in more than one language includes become basic inside current training. There has likewise been an ascent in auxiliary dialects inside ethnic minorities become further profound established in contemporary living (Ibid). Be that as it may, the contention stays with regards to whether kids learning a subsequent language ought to have the option to encourage the utilization of their first language or in the event that it is increasingly advantageous for the class to just be led in the subsequent language. Language procurement has relationship with the general advancement hypotheses as investigated by formative therapists, for example, Vygotsky and Bruner. Angles, for example, the sociocultural hypothesis of brain in second language securing are generally investigated (Lantolf 2000), and how language procurement identifies with current act of L1 use in the L2 study hall. A significant number of the hypotheses concerning sociolcultural hypothesis have a relationship with the thought that the human psyche is interceded. Vygotsky contended that people encourage the utilization of ‘tools and work activity’ (Lantolf, 2000, p. 1) which empowers us to change our comprehension of the world and the manner by which we exist inside it. He contended that our way of life assumed an imperative job in our comprehension of language and that our comprehension of the psyche has empowered us to incompletely fathom the levels in which subjective activities are accomplished. He further contend ed that language empowered kids to intervene the manner by which they carried on. Different adherents of sociolcultural hypothesis in second language procurement (SLA) identify with the idea of private discourse wherein understudies can develop and comprehend importance of L2 with the utilization of inward L1 discourse. They likewise contend that L2 punctuation complexities are regularly effortlessly comprehended when clarified in L1, as L2 clarifications cause some student’s troubles with perception (Lantolf, 2000, p. 31). This is the place we can see the beginning of the contention creating for the individual’s utilization of L1 in the L2 study hall (regardless of whether this isn't obviously utilized by facilitators). There are numerous components that help the utilization of L1 in the L2 study hall nearby those which don't, and a portion of these will be investigated in this. The contention for L1 in the L2 homeroom Tang proposes that to learn L2 is a lot of equivalent to L1, concerning broad introduction (Tang 2002). That is; small kids at first figure out how to communicate in their mom language through a procedure of introduction, to incorporate demonstrating and redundancy. Now, the current paper could bring the issues encompassing language securing gadget as proposed by Noam Chomsky into the discussion, with respect to the prevalent capacity to learn language at it’s most grounded until around 4 years old; yet the degree for this paper doesn't consider such. Nonetheless, it can give perusers a thought concerning why the L1 is apparently a lot simpler to ace than that of L2 (if the start of L2 learning is to start post matured 4 years). Exploration has featured that the sign of the utilization of L1 in the L2 study hall really upgrades appreciation of L2 by the understudies (Tang 2002; Cook 2001). The rotation of dialects somewhere in the range of L1 and L2 is viewed as a significant rule in certain classes, and even permits understanding companions to clarify in L1, the undertaking that is being depicted in L2 (Morahan 2010).From individual experience, in spite of the fact that not legitimately identified with TESOL, instructing in L1, to an assortment of understudies whose native language is L2, offers approach to distributed learning. It is seen that various understudies will encourage their own L1, to disclose to different understudies with equivalent L1, the errand which is being portrayed in L2. It is expected that this equal learning permits understudies a more profound appreciation of the essential language in multi-lingual classes. The previously mentioned involvement with part identifies with the thought o f the ‘New Concurrent’ strategy (Cook 2001), in which the educator switches somewhere in the range of L1 and L2, yet in the portrayed model, the understudy accepts this new simultaneous technique and not the instructor. The strategy permits instructors to disclose key focuses to understudies and to consider an increasingly solid cognizance in L1 rather than the degrees of perception found in clarifications simply in L2. A portion of the more extreme ways to deal with TESOL, is that of cognates (Van Assche et al. 2009). Cognates encourages the utilization of joining both L1 and L2 in a sentence, for example, ‘Franglais’, the reconciliation of French and English into a sentence. For instance, ‘Je like la creme glacee on an ete chaud day’ (I like frozen yogurt on a blistering summers day). After roughly fourteen days, the instructor would principally be talking half French and half English, with further movement over the long haul. This is quintessence encourages the utilization of code exchanging (Auer 1999a) which is talked about in more detail in the data against the utilization of L1 in the L2 study hall later in the paper. Exploration has indicated that encouraging the utilization of cognates in the L2 study hall diminishes perusing times of understudies close by an understanding capacity (Van Assche et al. 2009) and an expansion in word acknowledgment times. Truth be tol d, the creators of the exploration express that it is exceptionally hard for understudy to kill their predominant primary language and accordingly, anticipating that them should do so might be vain (Ibid). The strategy for cognates and the mix of the old (L1) with the new (L2) recommends that for an understudy to get positive about L2, there must be an acknowledgment of the degree of utilization of L1 in a homeroom, and in reality it ought to be empowered. On the off chance that we again get the lessons of Vygotsky concerning the ZPD, at that point anticipating that an understudy should work completely in L2 may make them stretch past their limits of the ZPD and as such meddle with their learning procedure. Lantolf Poehner (2011) propose that inside the L2 study hall there ought to be dynamic appraisal (DA), a structure dependent on Vygotskian hypothesis which permits educators to help the improvement in a functioning technique for assistance. This dynamic help empowers understudies to gradually crawl past the domains of the ZPD without overpowering them causing for disappointment or incomprehension. For such a technique to work there should be the capacity of the TESOL to encourage L1 in helping the improvement of the movement of the understudies L2. Instructor utilization of L1 There are an assortment of techniques wherein an educator can encourage the utilization of L1 in the study hall to empower the proceeding with movement of her understudies as refered to by Atkinson (1987, for example, inspiring language, checking for understudies appreciation, giving out complex directions in the most fundamental of levels, co-working in gatherings, essential clarifications of homeroom procedures, using interpretation to feature something as of late instructed, checking for sense, testing and to create circumvention methodologies, all of which become a mind boggling errands on the off chance that they are to be depicted and executed in L2. Atkinson further contends that use of L1 in the study hall empowers an advancement of familiarity and contends for its consideration. His composing went in close vicinity to the 1980’s, a period wherein there was a general pattern for avoidance of L1 and as such endured the worst part of analysis. Notwithstanding, his clarif ication with respect to how L1 is used in the L2 study hall was clear and pretty much ruled out supported analysis. Understudy utilization of L1 It is normal for understudies in the L2 study hall, to encourage the utilization of L1 in gathering, or pair work. The utilization of L1 will permit them to work and create inside their Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), a hypothesis very much built and assessed by Vygotsky (1987) and remarked on broadly in second language securing (Escandon Sanz 2011; Compernolle et al. 2012; Lantolf Poehner 2011). The general supposition that will be that in the event that understudies can encourage L1 irregularly, at that point L2 understudies may process psychologically, at an a lot more significant level, than if working in L2 alone. This thusly makes a more elevated level of comprehension (Morahan 2010). Understudies are additionally observed to encourage a simultaneous technique as previously mentioned and this seems to have supports for the utilization of L1 in the L2 study hall. The contention against L1 in the L2 study hall Exploration has featured that even since the 1880s, there has been this

Psychology Careers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Brain science Careers - Research Paper Example He enjoyed that thought as well. A portion of the inquiries were: Who is a substance misuse advocate? What is the capability for being a substance misuse instructor? In what condition is the directing led? Is it unique in relation to a general therapist? Assuming this is the case, how? What are the typical acts of the substance misuse advising? What commonplace difficulties does a substance misuse guide typically face and what is the most ideal approach to adapt to them? What is bunch guiding and singular advising? What is the normal pay run for a substance misuse advocate? My cousin revealed to me that a person at any rate needs to have a BSc degree in Psychology so as to be a substance misuse guide, and the normal pay for a substance misuse instructor ranges from $40,000 to $50,000. The meeting was led in his office that was a good ways off of about a kilometer from my home. I met him at around 10 o’ check toward the beginning of the day. It had been 1 hr since he had begun the obligation. I went into the room. We embraced each other since we were companions just as family members. There was no custom by any means, yet I was judicious not to burn through his time in any way since he was on the obligation and I had come to him with a business matter, and not for an individual explanation. As I had just sent him the rundown of inquiries the print out of which he had before him on the table, he began to account for himself without having me trouble to pose the inquiries. He answered each and every inquiry of mine while I was taking the notes, and was composing addresses that were springing up in my brain from the conversation as I composed. At long last, when he inquired as to whether I had another thing to solicit him, I set forward those inquiries to which he speedily required. I expressed gratitude toward him, and wished him farewell. I discovered that a substance misuse guide is a person that assists individuals with coming out of their addictions. Th e intercessions made by a substance misuse advisor might be organized. In different cases, advising is offered to individuals who still can't seem to understand that their compulsion is the underlying driver of a great deal of difficulties throughout their life. Notwithstanding, in the vast majority of the cases, substance misuse advisors offer directing to the individuals who realize that they are dependent and need treatment so as to come out of their issues before it is past the point of no return. A general therapist manages all territories of brain research while a substance misuse advisor explicitly manages patients that are dependent with a wide scope of items. In some cases, patients are dependent on liquor, yet in a larger part of cases the item is substantially more destructive than liquor like Heroin, Codeine, Cocaine and Vicodin. The earth wherein substance misuse advocates work is no less differing than the substances they need to give the advising to. A few instructors offer treatment in the very living arrangement of the patient, while others may lead the directing meetings in workplaces, holy places, or other network outreach focuses (Jones, 2011). Hence, either a patient methodologies the advisor or the consequences will be severe, the instructor approaches understanding. Guiding happens whichever way as helpful to both the gatherings. The convention that a substance misuse guide for the most part works in is set up explicitly for the treatment of addicts. A 12 Step Program is regularly utilized by the substance misuse advisors. Such projects depend on twelve phases of treatment. Probably the most significant of the twelve phases are â€Å"admitting frailty, going to God, and making

Western Lowland Gorillas Free Essays

Western Lowland Gorillas October 23, 2009 Introduction: When I was around 14, I saw perhaps the best film. The film was Gorillas in The Mist, beginning Sigourney Weaver as Dian Fossey. It was one of the most amazing motion pictures of my life. We will compose a custom article test on Western Lowland Gorillas or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now My progression mother at the time notice how should I loved the film and game me her very much torn duplicate of Gorillas in the Mist to peruse. I despite everything have that book and since the first occasion when I read it, I have been interested with these incredible primates. This is way I accept they merit financing to help them off of the imperiled species list. Western Lowland Gorillas: Biological Needs: Nonetheless, in west Africa, where natural products will in general makes up most of the gorilla’s diet contrasted with those that live in east Africa. Gatherings of gorillas living in west Africa regularly split into transitory taking care of subgroups however are less normal in east Africa, as creatures go far separated scanning for the generally scant ready natural product. There are a few reports of dozing subgroups nonetheless, they are uncommon. This may happen during the time spent changeless parting of a multi-male gatherings into two single male gatherings. Gatherings as a rule can go from 5 to 10 people, yet a few gatherings can amass upwards of 20 to 32 creatures. Csomos, 2008) Habitat: The natural surroundings of the Western Lowland Gorilla is comprised of fundamentally rainforests, swamp woods, bushes, woodland edges, and clearings. Western Gorillas have been seen settling in along the Savannah woodland edge or in the Savannah itself. In spite of the fact that the y visit the Savannah, it's anything but a changeless living space for them. Western Gorillas occupy zones that are ordinarily marsh tropical woodland adrift level and up to 1,300 mm. (Beudels-Jamer, 2008) Food: Other Life Forms and Interrelations: Human Intrusions: Humans are the gorilla’s most noteworthy danger. Human interruptions of the gorilla’s natural surroundings have caused a decay of the animal groups. The three fundamental dangers that people present, business chasing, logging of the woodland (which has expanded poaching) and Human diseases like the Ebola infection. As per examines late yearly pace of decrease in the gorillas was 4. 7 percent and death rates brought about by the Ebola infection were as high as 80 percent. The gorillas DNA is 98 percent the equivalent has people. Any influenza or infection a human can convey or transmit the gorillas can get. Since they live away from people, any infection or influenza can be dangerous to them. The gorilla’s insusceptible framework doesn't be able to safeguard against any infection or influenza that has been transmitted from people. (Universe, 2008) Current Safeguards and Protections: Additional Measures: Going Unchecked: The Congo bowl has been perceived as an all inclusive significant factor in between mainland climate designs and for keeping up atmosphere strength. The COMIFAC Convergence and the Congo Basin Forest Partnership have united to secure the entire Congo Basin biological system. They will tack the carbon sequestration and capacity, precipitation age and the territories bio-assorted variety. The Western Lowland Gorillas biological job must be considered. The Western Lowland Gorillas are cornerstone species in their backwoods natural surroundings, so their insurance is basic to long haul the board of the Congo bowl. (Universe, 2008) Conclusion: Reference Page: Beudels-Jamer, R. (2008) Western Lowland Gorilla. Retriever on September 25, 2009 from www. yog2009. organization September 25, 2009 from www. animaldiversity. unnz. unnz. edu Western Lowland Gorilla Profile, (na) (nd) Retrieved on September 25, 2009 from www. creature. nationalgeographic. com Instructions to refer to Western Lowland Gorillas, Papers

Howard Zinn and the Us Constitution Free Essays

The late Howard Zinn is a much regarded student of history. His perspectives are known to be intense and in any case disputable. In his book, â€Å"A People’s History of the United States,† Zinn addresses points, for example, obligated hirelings, irate regular folks, and the United States Constitution. We will compose a custom exposition test on Howard Zinn and the Us Constitution or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Obligated hirelings were individuals of a lower financial class who worked for individuals of a higher monetary foundation. These hirelings worked for a given measure of time, as a rule somewhere in the range of five and seven years and either worked for cash, food, haven, or opportunity. Obligated hirelings were initially comprised of generally youthful white guys who were exchanging their time jail or their neediness for time functioning as a worker. The quantity of obligated hirelings started to diminish and not long after English pilgrims searched for other potential individuals to oppress. The Virginia settlement required work. They expected to develop corn for means, and expected to develop tobacco for send out in light of the fact that they had quite recently figured out how to develop tobacco. Virginia couldn’t make the Indians work for them like Christopher Columbus had done previously. The pilgrims would be dwarfed on the off chance that they chose to attempt to assume control over the Indians despite the fact that they were furnished with guns. The Indians were ingenious, rebellious, extreme, and for all intents and purposes valiant. The settlement required a substitute decision. African slaves were the response to Virginia’s work issue. Blacks had just been imported as captives to South America and the Caribbean to Spanish and Portuguese states. The blacks made subjugation simpler as a result of how miserable they were. They were ransacked of their country and culture and as a rule they were isolated from their families. Zinn alluded to the subjugation against the blacks to be the cruelest type of bondage ever. The British were burdening the provincial populace to pay for the French war. Numerous settlers didn't concur with the Stamp Act and needed it canceled. That mid year, Ebenezer Macintosh, a shoemaker, drove a crowd in annihilating the place of a rich Boston dealers like Andrew Oliver and Thomas Hutchinson. Agitators crushed up their homes with tomahawks, drank all the wine in the basements, and plundered the places of the furnishings and different items. English officials detailed these demonstrations to be a piece of a bigger plan wherein the places of 15 rich individuals were to be pulverized. The uproars against the Stamp Act cleared Boston in 1767. It took the Stamp Act emergency to make the authority mindful of its quandary. After the mobs a town meeting was organized and essentially upper and working class residents were permitted to join in. Zinn contends the Founding Fathers, Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton, may have had ulterior financial and class safeguarding inspirations that were covered up by the all inclusive language of the constitution record. Zinn additionally contends that the rich, so as to make sure about their own advantages and monetary status, should either control the administration legitimately or control the laws by which government works. Zinn frequently alludes to the perspectives and works of student of history Charles Beard. Whiskers considered the monetary foundations and political thoughts of the fifty-five men who accumulated in Philadelphia in 1787 to draw up the constitution. In his discoveries a larger part of them were legal advisors by calling, the greater part of them were well off because of land, slaves, assembling, or transportation. Half of them had cash advanced out at premium, and that forty out of fifty held government bonds as indicated by the records of the treasury division. Facial hair additionally found that the vast majority of the creators of the constitution had some direct financial enthusiasm for setting up a solid government. Facial hair didn't think the constitution as written to profit the Founding Fathers by and by. The issue of vote based system in the post-progressive society was not anyway the protected impediments on casting a ballot. It lay a lot further past the constitution in the division of society into rich and poor. The constitution at that point shows the unpredictability of the American framework: that it serves the interests of well off world class, yet in addition does what's necessary for little proprietors, for center salary ranchers and mechanics to assemble an expansive base of help. Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of Treasury and one of the Founding Fathers, accepted that the legislature must align itself with the most extravagant components of society to make itself solid. The most effective method to refer to Howard Zinn and the Us Constitution, Papers

Key learning point Essay Example for Free

Key learning point Essay Force alludes to the degree to which one can fulfill their objective objectives, needs or wants. Force can be utilized either to overwhelm or control the other, or can be utilized to cooperate with the other party included. Whichever way power is utilized it gives one an edge over the other party in arrangements. Data gives a significant source and a methods for securing power. Purpose behind Selection: Instructive force originates from a person’s capacity to gather information to help his positions, contentions, or wanted results. This asset gives a significant device in testing the different party’s position, or sabotage their contentions or suggestions during exchanges. Application to a business or individual circumstance: A year prior, I was conversing with a specialist who was new at one of the focuses I am advertising my pharmaceutical items. The specialist transparently rubbished my item saying he had positively no extension for it in his clinical work on putting together his contention with respect to the situation of a regarded specialist in the zone of medication in which my item is applied. What this specialist didn't know is that from my market study on my item and rival brands energy in the market, the specialist he asserted was the top prescriber of my item in that town . I gave the proof and inside a month I got a call from my chief that the specialist had put a LPO for my item. Move or steps made to improve: I read broadly and widely on new patterns in my general vicinity of work; embrace advertise study on various issues; look for the assessment of specialists; go to workshops and meetings on different points; and as a rule attempt to keep a receptive outlook, keep up my interest throughout everyday life and watch educational projects. References Squidoo (2010). A goldmine of diary Writing Prompts. Recovered on 30th July, 2010, from http://www. squidoo. com/journalwritingprompts

Tips to Help Your Stressed Out College Kid Cope

Tips to Help Your Stressed Out College Kid Cope Stress Management Situational Stress Print 6 Tips to Help Your Stressed Out College Kid By Jackie Burrell Jackie Burrell is a former education and parenting reporter, experienced in issues around parenting young adults as a mother of four. Learn about our editorial policy Jackie Burrell Updated on February 03, 2020 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living As parents of young adults, we’re all too familiar with stress, but our kids suffer from it too. Stress rates among teens and young adults have spiked in recent years and its no wonder. Junior and senior year of high school and the lead-up to college applications are prime time for stress overload. So are the first few weeks of college, the weeks of midterms and lead-up to final exams. There may be a day or two of stresslessness in there somewhere, but who can tell? When that late night phone call comes from a child who’s freaking out, the last thing they want to hear is a lecture on the importance of doing your homework and planning ahead. Instead, heres a list of things you can advise that may offer immediate relief: Sleep Cutting back on sleep may seem like a good way to eke out a few more hours for exam cramming, but missing even a few hours of sleep two or more nights in a row can result in sleep deprivation. Concentration drops, memory function is impaired, and the brain turns foggy and sluggish â€" hardly the optimal conditions for studying. There’s a clear connection between the amount of sleep a student gets and his GPA, and studies have shown that morning owls perform better academically. So tell your frantic child to set the alarm for 7 a.m., plan on doing some hardcore â€" and vastly refreshed â€" studying then and get some sleep now. Make a List If thoughts are racing through your child’s brain with such velocity that he can’t sleep, tell him to make a list. We’d all love to have a Pensieve, the magical basin Hogwarts headmaster Albus Dumbledore used to hold memories and thoughts when they threatened to overwhelm his brain, but a to-do list works nearly as well. Eat Well Brains need nourishment. Eating a balanced diet that’s heavy in protein and complex carbohydrates, as opposed to donuts, beer, and someone else’s Ritalin, makes a huge difference in one’s body’s ability to cope with stress and perform well. Keep that in mind when sending your college child an exam week care package too. Prioritize Tell him to work on the most critical or difficult courses or projects first, when his brain is fresh. Too much work? Tell him to look at his schedule and eliminate the non-essentials. Remind him that the world will not stop if he tanks a test. Try a Study Group Studying with a group quells panic. It lets students play to their own strengths, and maximizes and organizes study time. Plus, the companionship helps soothe frayed nerves. Take Breaks Go for a run, take a nap â€" but no more than 20 to 30 minutes and no later than mid-afternoon. Make an exam worry doll and let it do the worrying.

Tips to Help Your Stressed Out College Kid Cope

Tips to Help Your Stressed Out College Kid Cope Stress Management Situational Stress Print 6 Tips to Help Your Stressed Out College Kid By Jackie Burrell Jackie Burrell is a former education and parenting reporter, experienced in issues around parenting young adults as a mother of four. Learn about our editorial policy Jackie Burrell Updated on February 03, 2020 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living As parents of young adults, we’re all too familiar with stress, but our kids suffer from it too. Stress rates among teens and young adults have spiked in recent years and its no wonder. Junior and senior year of high school and the lead-up to college applications are prime time for stress overload. So are the first few weeks of college, the weeks of midterms and lead-up to final exams. There may be a day or two of stresslessness in there somewhere, but who can tell? When that late night phone call comes from a child who’s freaking out, the last thing they want to hear is a lecture on the importance of doing your homework and planning ahead. Instead, heres a list of things you can advise that may offer immediate relief: Sleep Cutting back on sleep may seem like a good way to eke out a few more hours for exam cramming, but missing even a few hours of sleep two or more nights in a row can result in sleep deprivation. Concentration drops, memory function is impaired, and the brain turns foggy and sluggish â€" hardly the optimal conditions for studying. There’s a clear connection between the amount of sleep a student gets and his GPA, and studies have shown that morning owls perform better academically. So tell your frantic child to set the alarm for 7 a.m., plan on doing some hardcore â€" and vastly refreshed â€" studying then and get some sleep now. Make a List If thoughts are racing through your child’s brain with such velocity that he can’t sleep, tell him to make a list. We’d all love to have a Pensieve, the magical basin Hogwarts headmaster Albus Dumbledore used to hold memories and thoughts when they threatened to overwhelm his brain, but a to-do list works nearly as well. Eat Well Brains need nourishment. Eating a balanced diet that’s heavy in protein and complex carbohydrates, as opposed to donuts, beer, and someone else’s Ritalin, makes a huge difference in one’s body’s ability to cope with stress and perform well. Keep that in mind when sending your college child an exam week care package too. Prioritize Tell him to work on the most critical or difficult courses or projects first, when his brain is fresh. Too much work? Tell him to look at his schedule and eliminate the non-essentials. Remind him that the world will not stop if he tanks a test. Try a Study Group Studying with a group quells panic. It lets students play to their own strengths, and maximizes and organizes study time. Plus, the companionship helps soothe frayed nerves. Take Breaks Go for a run, take a nap â€" but no more than 20 to 30 minutes and no later than mid-afternoon. Make an exam worry doll and let it do the worrying.