The Positives And Negatives Of Pay For Performance Nursing Essay

The Positives And Negatives Of Pay For Performance Nursing Essay The purpose of this research essay will discuss aspects concerning the effects of pay-for-performance policies on quality improvement. The pay-for-performance policies are continually a debated issue concerning quality of care. This incentive program could open doors in a positive or negative way, but P4P, may lead to results of improving the quality of care; which the research in this essay will assess and analyse these perspectives. Also, reflect on pay-for-performance programs; will be a crucial aspect in the paper. Furthermore, the results that would show the successfulness of these programs, as well. In additional, do the P4P programs meet their goals and how effective they are will be share in the research essay. Other components, that will be mention such as the impact on quality improvement, unintended or negative consequences, and implications for cost containment. Introduction The purpose of this research essay is to discuss aspects of pay for performance from a positive and negative perspective. As the health sector, continue to move toward a positive path, in efforts to improve the quality of care. This quality issue has and will continue to affect many Americans patients nationwide in a positive or negative way, based on, the quality care they are receiving. Therefore, health care providers and managed care organizations (MCO) are encouraged by the monetary incentive programs, in order to give prestige quality of care (Anderson, Rice, Komininski, 2007; Laureate Education, 2009). The strong components of payment policies, such as pay-for-performance (P4P) are aspects of health care services and the influence of patients choice; in which led to quality initiatives (Hillman, 1991). In addition, the factors will help to assess the need of care for patients, and the health organization, which is a positive reinforcement of quality initiatives. For instances, an intention of the incentives program like (P4P) would reward high-quality of care and permit growth in the way of becoming more efficient and effective; when servicing clients with their care needs (Teitelbaum Wilensky, 2007). Also, this quality initiative will help providers to figure out what they need to do; in order to continue to improve quality care procedures on a proficient level. The next step in the pay-for-performance (P4P) policy will permit health organizations JCI (2010) to benefit in aspects of financial incentives; through organizational principles. Therefore, the organizational leaders would produce documents to offer a reliable outline to carry out these accountabilities. For instances, health care organizational leaders must examine the national and worldwide norms that consist of human-beings right, quality initiatives, and professional principles when forming the framework. This pay for performance quality initiatives of services for patients, could JCI (2010) examine access, convey, patient-centred, discharge regulations; correctly bill for services; and help in resolution of conflicts, which financial incentives and payments measures maybe negotiation in patient services (JCI, 2010). Pay-for- performance programs quality initiatives were organized by governmental; Young, Conrad, and Fallot (2007) also the private ownerships and organizations, in which support the aspects of quality performances. Author suggests there are over 100 incentive programs; that focus on quality initiatives and preventive care for consumers (Young, Conrad, Fallot, 2007). Research suggests; the centres for Medicare and Medicaid services (CMS) are one of organizations that started the pay-for- performance programs (Anderson, Rice, Kominski; Teitelbaum Wilensky, 2007). Author suggests there is a lot of evidence, which implies the pay-for-performance incentive program has improved the overall quality of care initiative (Kuhmerker Hartman, 2007). Also, there is evidence that Jarlier and Charvet-Protat (2000) pay- for-performance quality initiatives, are profitable and can save in the long term for all health care services. Nevertheless, there will always be various negatives issues of barriers that hinder the quality care Datz, (2012); Galvin (2006) progress and growth of stronger incentives for quality advantage. The approach of the pay-for-performance has features that involve the amount of the incentive payment that result into, additional incentives such as of education, patient satisfaction, organizational information technology abilities, health providers level of performance, and diagnostics sources (Young, Conrad, Fallot, 2007). Furthermore, special interest groups seemed to be a particular alarm about the barriers that relates to the less effective method of (P4P) incentive programs, which have to do with the lack of those who do not invest in the continue quality initiatives for the delivery of health care (Young, Conrad Fallot, 2007; Dudley Rosenthal, 2006). Pay-for-performance impacts vary stakeholders, which involves all parties such as, health organizations, government, payers, medical providers, public, and private sectors, so the investment in the aspects of quality initiatives is crucial to the care process. Research suggests some payment incentives programs like (P4P) purpose is for cost containment (IOM, 2001). Also, the negative aspect of the pay-for-performance; there is no clear intention concerning making sure quality care initiatives, or improvement plan, in which relates to this program. Also, there should be some initiatives developed, such as perspectives and goals, in order to improve the aspects of the incentive payment of the health care services; which to provide IOM (2001) higher quality care and to focus on cost containment (IOM, 2001). In summary The positive aspect of health care delivery service can certainly be more effective through the pay-for-performance incentive programs. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of sustainability through this incentives program it has to be a constant arrangement, in which rewards quality of care effectiveness. In addition, all parties involved must be willing to help improve quality policies and make this initiative one of the focal points for the (P4P) programs. These arrangements could consist of fair adequate payment for excellence managerial services and that applies to the care process; which relates to financial incentives. Furthermore, to make sure that (P4P) programs meets its attended goals is to have other primary sources for recognizing and assessments for the performance initiatives, such as the Joint Commission, National Committee for quality assurance, and other agencies (Dudley and Rosenthal, 2006). A priority focus is to motivate and promote standards and firmed bylaws, in ord er to continuous to improve and maintain the quality of care initiatives through aspects of accreditation and licensure, in which would be a great addition to the perspective of the (P4P). Sources Andersen, R. M., Rice, T. H., Kominski, G. F. (2007). Changing the U.S. health care system: Key issues in health services policy and management (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Classen, D. C., Pestotnik, S. L., Evans, R., Lloyd, J, F., Burke, J. P. (1997). Adverse Drug Events in Hospitalized Patients: Excess Length of Stay, Extra Costs, and Attributable Mortality. JAMA. 277(4), 301-306. Clemmer, T. P., Vicki, J. S., Thomas, A. O., Susan, D. H. (1999). Results of a Collaborative Quality Improvement Program on Outcomes and Costs in a Tertiary Critical Care Unit. Crit. Care Med, 27(9):1768-74. Conrad, D., Wickizer, T., Maynard, C., Klastorin, T., Lessler, D., Ross, A., Soderstrom, N., Sullivan, S., Alexander, J., Travis, K. (1996). Managing Care, Incentives and Information: An Exploratory Look Inside the Black Box of Hospital Efficiency. Health Services Research, 31(3), 235-59. Datz, T. (2012). No improvement in patient outcomes seen in hospitals with pay-for-performance programs. Health Insurance Law Weekly. Retrieved from: http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/press-releases/2012-releases/pay-for-performance-patient-outcomes.html Dudley, R. A. Rosenthal, M. B. (2006). Pay for Performance: A decision guide for purchasers. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Retrieved from: http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/p4pguide.pdf Galvin, R. (2006). Pay-for-performance: Too much of a good thing? A conversation with Martin Roland. Health Affairs, 25, w412 w419. Hillman, A. L. (1991). Managing the Physician: Rules Versus Incentives. Health Affairs 10(4):138-46. Jarlier, A., Charvet-Protat, S. (2000). Can Improving Quality Decrease Hospital Costs? International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 12(2), 125-31. Joint Commission International, Inc. (2010). Joint Commission International Accreditation Standards for Hospitals. (4th ed.). Illinois, Chicago: Joint Commission International. Kuhmerker, K. Hartman, T. (2007). Pay-for-performance in state Medicaid programs: A survey of state directors and programs. The Commonwealth Fund. Retrieved October 24, 2012 from: http://www.commonwealthfund.org/Publications/Fund-Reports/2007/Apr/Pay-for-Performance-in-State-Medicaid-ProgramsA-Survey-of-State-Medicaid-Directors-and-Programs.aspx Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2009).  Health  Policy.  Access Challenges Baltimore, MD:  Author:  Ã‚  (Dr. Gerald Kominski and Jim Lott). Institute of Medicine. (2001). Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. National Academy of Sciences. Young, G.J., Conrad, D.A., Fallat, A. (2007). Practical issues in the design and implementation of pay-for-quality programs. Journal of Healthcare Management, 52(1), 10-19.

John constable :: John constable

John constable What made Constable different from the majority of his contemporaries was his attitude towards the things that he saw. He was not, like so many other landscape artists, a conscious seeker of the picturesque. As an artist he was virtually self-taught and his periods of formal study amounted to little more than process of directive discipline. His real master was his own sensitive and perceptive eye (Peacock, 15). It was through a study of nature rather than by a study of academic principles that his artistic philosophy was evolved. It was at East Bergholt on the Suffolk side of the river Stour on 11 June 1776 that artist John Constable was born. The house where John was born is now disappeared, but its prosperous Georgian solidity exists for us in a number of his paintings (Peacock, 15). Golding, Jonh’s father, was a miller and the owner of water mills at Flatford and Dedham, and two windmills at East Bergholt (Taylor, 10). The Constables were a large family, John was the fourth of six children. Though much is not recorded of John’s first school experince , he was sent to Lavenham at age seven (Shirley, 39). There like most of the pupils, ill-used, he finished it in Dedham grammar school under a Dr. Thomas Grimwood. John did not do well in his studies to justify seeking a career in the church like his father had wished (Taylor, 11). In fact, Constable’s only record of excellence at Dedham was in penmanship, and so he was quickly directed into the family business, becoming locally kno wn as â€Å"the handsome miller† (Shirly, 39). For a year John worked in his father’s mills and so acquired first-hand knowledge of the miller ’s trade. In the mills what John learned probably stood him in a better stead that all the formal instruction in art he would ever receive (Peacock, 16). In 1796 he went on an apprenticeship in London. John apprenticeship to John Thomas Smith, a draughtsman and engraver, known as â€Å"Antiquity Smith†. Constable assisted by making sketches that might be used as subjects for his work. Golding Constable grew impatient and dismissed his son’s taste for painting as a young man’s whim, and with the need for help in the mills, Golding summons John back to Bergholt (Taylor, 17).

Fiat’s Entry Mode Into China

2. Fiat’s strategy: a. Entry mode: The main entry mode FIAT has been applying in China Market is joint venture. In 1995, FIAT tried to break into the Chinese market. Indeed it is the first host country of foreign investments, so China is an inescapable market. FIAT made an attempt to introduce there with a joint-venture with a local firm: NANJING in 1999. This Italian automaker quit the company in 2007 citing a lack of investment on the part of its Chinese partner. Probably the main problem in this alliance is the lack of confidence in the partner.Indeed, FIAT did not trust NANJING because given that the Italian company reduced the number of models given to the Chinese one for of stealing. The most important in business for Chinese people is the trust. Without it, it cannot work. The second joint venture is with Cherry Automobile Co. The joint venture has come to an end due to Fiat signing up with Guangzhou Auto and planning to invest 500 million USD into the Chinese market. U p till now, Fiat has been in a third joint venture with Guangzhou Auto to make cars for the Chinese market.The joint venture between the two companies will see each contribute â‚ ¬400 million towards building a new assembly plant in Changsha, Hunan province. The plant is expected to be operational by late 2011, and inital production is estimated to be in the region of 140,000 cars and 220,000 engines per year. b. Product line and revenue: In the past, Fiat seems to target the medium class by introducing the low price products. At first, Nanjing-Fiat produced and sold 24,000 vehicles in 2002, bringing a sales revenue of 2. billion yuan (US$280 million). Nanjing-FIAT produce four models: Fiat Palio, Fiat Palio Weekend, Fiat Siena, designed by IDeA and Fiat Perla the first model jointly designed by Fiat and Nanjing Fiat Automobile. Fiat had previously planned to invest 500 million euros in the joint venture over five years in a drive toward meeting the company's 2010 sales goal of 3 00,000 vehicles in China. Nanjing Fiat sold only 30,668 vehicles in 2006. After that, from 2007, when they sign the joint venture contract with Guangzhou Automobile Co. they invest euro400 million ($556 million), The plant initially will produce 140,000 cars and 220,000 engines a year, with the potential to increase to a maximum 250,000 cars and 300,000 engines a year, Fiat said. It seems fairly clear that Fiat will target the same young, â€Å"entry-level luxury† demographic. Considering they’re relatively new to the China market, and priced comparatively high for their petite size (particularly compared to their domestic Chinese counterparts).Fiat’s small cars and green technology are entirely applicable to the Chinese market. Fiat launch the Fiat 500 into the Chinese market, it is a small car that appear to certain niche buyers. According to our own internal estimates the Fiat 500 should be able to achieve sales of 700 to 10,000 units. Their goal is to set up the brand, we’re chasing branding value and not sales. The cars that will sell in big numbers will be our Chinese made cars from Guangzhou-Fiat.

Carta de invitación para sacar la visa de turista EE.UU

Las cartas de invitacià ³n se utilizan frecuentemente como parte de la documentacià ³n que se entrega a una embajada o consulado americano cuando se solicita una visa de turista para Estados Unidos. No es un documento necesario, pero sà ­ que es  frecuente  porque puede ayudar a que el oficial consular se decida aprobar la visa que se solicita. Pero es importante entender que, por sà ­ sola, la carta de invitacià ³n no es suficiente para obtener la visa, sino que es un elemento mà ¡s a tener en cuenta y para inclinar la balanza a favor del solicitante.   Asimismo, si no se presenta una carta de invitacià ³n eso no quiere decir que la visa no pueda obtenerse. En otras palabras, es un documento de presentacià ³n voluntaria que puede ayudar a obtener la visa. En este artà ­culo se informa sobre quià ©nes pueden escribir la carta de invitacià ³n, quià ©n es el destinatario de la misma, cuà ¡l es el formato adecuado y quà © documentos adicionales se pueden incluir en apoyo de la veracidad de la carta. Quià ©nes pueden escribir la carta de invitacià ³n para sacar la visa de turista La carta de invitacià ³n no la escribe la persona que solicita la visa, sino otra distinta que es a quien se va a visitar en Estados Unidos. En este punto, es fundamental el estatus migratorio de dicha persona en Estados Unidos ya que determina si tiene capacidad para redactar este tipo de documento. Pueden hacerlo las siguientes personas: En primer lugar, los ciudadanos americanos, que deberà ¡n acreditar tal situacià ³n mediante documentos como copia del pasaporte americano o del certificado de nacimiento en Estados Unidos. En realidad, cualquier documento oficial que pruebe su condicià ³n de estadounidenses. En segundo lugar, los residentes permanentes legales. En este caso, deberà ¡n incluir con la carta una fotocopia legible por los dos lados  de su tarjeta de residencia, tambià ©n conocida como green card. Y, en tercer lugar, pueden redactar la carta de invitacià ³n los extranjeros que se encuentran legalmente en Estados Unidos  porque tienen una visa vigente. En este caso  deberà ¡n adjuntar a la carta de invitacià ³n su certificado original de nacimiento, fotocopia de todas las hojas de su pasaporte y, si su visa estuviera en otro ya expirado, tambià ©n incluir copias de à ©ste. Si la visa està ¡ expirada pero se ha pedido su renovacià ³n, una copia de dicha peticià ³n. Ademà ¡s de esos documentos los extranjeros con visas L1 de transfer entre sedes de una misma empresa  o H1  para profesionales deberà ¡n incluir su à ºltimo I-797, una carta que reciben del Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Por otro lado,  los migrantes que està ©n en situacià ³n de ajuste de estatus pendiente  se recomienda que envà ­en junto a la carta de invitacià ³n una copia del documento que pruebe tal situacià ³n, como por ejemplo el permiso de trabajo, conocida en inglà ©s como  EAD card. Por à ºltimo, tener en consideracià ³n que si la invitacià ³n se hace a favor de un familiar por razà ³n de matrimonio, como por ejemplo un suegro o un cuà ±ado, deberà ¡ acompaà ±arse la carta de invitacià ³n con una fotocopia del certificado de boda de la persona que invita y fotocopia del pasaporte de su marido o de su mujer. Por ejemplo, si un ciudadano americano està ¡ casado con una mexicana y quiere invitar a su suegra a que les visite en EEUU con ocasià ³n del bautizo de su hijo deberà ¡ incluir no sà ³lo prueba de su ciudadanà ­a estadounidense, sino tambià ©n de estar casado con su esposa mexicana y copia del pasaporte de à ©sta. Finalmente, los migrantes indocumentados no deben  escribir una carta de invitacià ³n. No facilitarà ­a la solicitud de visa del solicitante y, por otro lado, servirà ­a para revelar la situacià ³n de indocumentado de dicho migrante y datos importantes como, por ejemplo, dà ³nde vive. Ademà ¡s, si una persona invita a sus padres a visitar Estados Unidos y esos padres tienen mà ¡s hijos en ese paà ­s, deberà ¡ tambià ©n acreditarse el estatus legal de todos los hijos que viven en el paà ­s y no sà ³lo el del hijo que extiende la invitacià ³n. Destinatario de la carta de invitacià ³n para sacar la visa de turista La carta se envà ­a a la persona que se desea invitar y  no al consulado  o embajada que debe tramitar el visado. Este punto da lugar a mucha confusià ³n ya que es comà ºn creer que el consulado es el destinatario de esta carta. Sin embargo, esa creencia es equivocada. En todos los casos, la persona que invita debe enviar la carta a la persona invitada. Formato de la carta de invitacià ³n para la visa de turista para EE.UU. No hay una forma determinada que diga expresamente cà ³mo tiene que ser la carta. Es decir, cada persona puede escribir lo que quiera, pero utilizando un lenguaje formal, respetuoso y claro. Ademà ¡s, deberà ­a seguir las siguientes pautas: Estar escrita en inglà ©s.  Incluir la fecha en la que se escribeNo olvidarse de firmarIdentificar expresamente  a la persona que se quiere invitar. Por ejemplo, si son padre e hijo, hermanos o simplemente amigos.Redactarla en una computadora e imprimir el documento. Documentacià ³n adicional que deberà ­a aà ±adirse a la carta de  invitacià ³n Se recomienda enviar documentacià ³n que pruebe la capacidad econà ³mica de la persona que invita a un extranjero a visitar EEUU y puede ser uno o varios de los documentos siguientes: Copia de la declaracià ³n de impuestos federales de los à ºltimos tres aà ±os. Si no se tienen tantos aà ±os declarados, los que se tengan. Y tambià ©n copias de los W2. Si se es empresario por cuenta propia, enviar prueba de tal situacià ³n y cuentas bancarias corporativas. Tambià ©n serà ­a apropiado enviar una copia de los extractos bancarios de al menos los à ºltimos seis meses. Deben demostrar cierta fortaleza econà ³mica. Otra opcià ³n es incluir una carta en papel oficial de la empresa que emplee a la persona que hace la invitacià ³n y que identifique al empleado, desde cuà ¡ndo trabaja allà ­, cuà ¡l es su salario y si su contrato es temporal o no. Finalmente, tambià ©n es và ¡lido una carta del banco en papel oficial en el que se diga cuà ¡ndo la persona que redacta la carta de invitacià ³n abrià ³ la cuenta en una de sus oficinas, cuà ¡nto dinero se deposità ³ el aà ±o anterior y el saldo en el momento actual. Ejemplos de cartas de invitacià ³n Aquà ­ se puede consultar  ejemplos de cartas de invitacià ³n. Està ¡n en inglà ©s porque es el idioma en el que deben escribirse.   Consejos migratorios para turistas en Estados Unidos No todos los extranjeros necesitan sacar una visa de turista para ingresar a Estados Unidos. Y es que los ciudadanos de los paà ­ses acogidos al Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas  pueden ingresar solicitando una Autorizacià ³n Electrà ³nica conocida como ESTA si llegan al paà ­s por avià ³n o llenando el formulario I-94 si llegan por barco o se presentan en una frontera terrestre. Como no necesitan visa, tampoco precisan de una carta de invitacià ³n. Por à ºltimo, destacar que las visas de turista se pueden negar por muchas causas, pero que pueden resumirse en dos grandes categorà ­as: por ser inadmisible para ingresar a Estados Unidos y/o por ser inelegible.   La causa mà ¡s comà ºn de rechazo de la aprobacià ³n de la visa de turista es que el oficial consular considere que no se ha probado mà ¡s allà ¡ de toda duda que el solicitante tiene lazos familiares y econà ³micos fuertes en su paà ­s de origen o de residencia habitual. Carga pà ºblica En relacià ³n a la negacià ³n de las visas, el gobierno de Donald Trump ha creado unas nuevas reglas por las que se puede rechazar cualquier peticià ³n de visa y de residencia por causa de carga pà ºblica. Para ello se tienen en cuenta factores diversos como edad, enfermedad, seguro mà ©dico, situacià ³n familiar, ingresos, estudios, historial laboral, etc. Està ¡ nueva polà ­tica no puede, al menos por el momento, implementarse por USCIS o por el Departamento de Seguridad Interna, a la espera de una decisià ³n judicial. Sin embargo, el Departamento de Estado sà ­ puede aplicarla. En otras palabras, desde el 15 de octubre de 2019 embajadas y consulados de EE.UU. pueden negar por razones de carga pà ºblica visas de inmigrante y tambià ©n de no inmigrante, como turista, estudiante o trabajo.. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Biography of Homer Plessy, Civil Rights Activist

Homer Plessy (1862-1925) is best known as the plaintiff in the 1896 Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson, in which he challenged Louisianas Separate Car Act. As the son of free people of color with mostly European ancestry, Plessy used his racially ambiguous appearance to challenge racial segregation on a Louisiana train, cementing his legacy as a civil rights activist. Fast Facts: Homer Plessy Full Name: Homà ¨re Patrice Adolphe PlessyKnown For: Civil rights activist who challenged racial segregation policies. Plaintiff in U.S. Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896Born: March 17, 1863 in New Orleans, LouisianaDied: March 1, 1925 in Metairie, LouisianaParents: Joseph Adolphe Plessy, Rosa Debergue Plessy, and Victor M. Dupart (stepfather) ï » ¿Early Years Homer Plessy was born Homà ¨re Patrice Adolphe Plessy to French-speaking parents Joseph Adolphe Plessy and Rosa Debergue Plessy. Germain Plessy, his paternal grandfather, was a white man born in Bordeaux, France, who moved to New Orleans after the Haitian Revolution in the 1790s. He and his wife, Catherine Mathieu, a free woman of color, had eight children, including Homer Plessy’s father. Joseph Adolphe Plessy died in the late 1860s when Homer was a small boy. In 1871, his mother remarried Victor M. Dupart, a U.S. Post Office clerk and shoemaker. Plessy followed in his stepfather’s footsteps, working as a shoemaker at a business called Patricio Britos during the 1880s, and he also worked in other capacities, including as an insurance agent. Outside of work, Plessy was an active member of his community. In 1887, Plessy served as vice president of the Justice, Protective, Educational, and Social Club, a New Orleans organization focused on public education reform. The following year, he married Louise Bordenave at St. Augustine Church. He was 25 and his bride was 19. The couple lived in the Tremà © neighborhood, now an important historic site for African-American and Crà ©ole culture.   At age 30, Plessy joined Comità © des Citoyens, which translates to Citizens’ Committee. The racially mixed organization advocated for civil rights, a topic that had interested Plessy since childhood, when his stepfather had been an activist involved in the 1873 Unification Movement to foster racial equality in Louisiana. When the time came for Plessy to make a sacrifice to fight injustice, he did not back away. Challenging Jim Crow The leadership of Comità © des Citoyens asked Plessy if he would be willing to challenge one of Louisianas Jim Crow laws by boarding the white section of a train car. The group wanted him to make the move to challenge the Separate Car Act, a law passed in 1890 by the Louisiana State Legislature which required blacks and whites to board â€Å"equal but separate† train cars. Article in the Daily Picayune, New Orleans, announcing the arrest of (Homer) Adolphe Plessy for violation of railway racial segregation law. The case would go to the US Supreme Court as Plessy v. Ferguson.   Public Domain / Daily Picayune, New Orleans, June 9, 1892 Louisiana’s Separate Car Act required â€Å"all railway companies carrying passengers on their trains, in this State, to provide equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races, by providing separate coaches or compartments so as to secure separate accommodations, defining the duties of the officers of such railways; directing them to assign passengers to the coaches or compartments set aside for the use of the race to which such passengers belong.† On February 4, 1892, on a first attempt to challenge the law, civil rights activist Daniel Desdunes, son of Rodolphe Desdunes, one of Comità © des Citoyens’ founders, bought a ticket for a white passenger car on a train headed out of Louisiana. The Comità © des Citoyens lawyers hoped to argue that the Separate Car Act was unconstitutional, but Desdunes’ case was ultimately dismissed because Judge John H. Ferguson said the law didn’t apply to interstate travel. Plessy v. Ferguson The Comità © des Citoyens lawyers wanted Plessy to test the law next, and they made sure to have him travel on an intrastate train. On June 7, 1892, Plessy bought a ticket on the East Louisiana Railroad and boarded a white passenger car after the conductor was told Plessy was part-black. Plessy was arrested after just 20 minutes, and his attorneys argued that his civil rights had been violated, citing both the the 13th and 14th amendments. The 13th Amendment abolished slavery and the 14th includes the Equal Protection Clause, which prevents the State from denying â€Å"to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Despite this argument, both the Louisiana Supreme Court and the US Supreme Court, in the landmark 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson, ruled that Plessy’s rights had not been violated and that Louisiana was within its rights to uphold a â€Å"separate but equal† way of life for blacks and whites. To avoid jail time, Plessy paid a $25 fine, and the Comità © des Citoyens disbanded. Later Years and Legacy After his unsuccessful Supreme Court case, Homer Plessy resumed his quiet life. He had three children, sold insurance for a living, and remained an active part of his community. He died at the age 62. Unfortunately, Plessy did not live to see the impact his act of civil disobedience had on civil rights. While he lost his case, the decision was reversed by the 1954 Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education. In this critical ruling, the high court concluded that â€Å"separate but equal† policies violated the rights of people of color, be it in schools or in other capacities. A decade later, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed racial segregation in public places as well as employment discrimination based on race, religion, sex, or country of origin. Plessy’s contributions to civil rights have not been forgotten. In his honor, the Louisiana House of Representatives and the New Orleans City Council established Homer Plessy Day, first observed on June 7, 2005. Four years later, Keith Plessy, the great-grandson of Homer Plessy’s first cousin, and Phoebe Ferguson, a descendant of Judge John H. Ferguson, started the Plessy Ferguson Foundation to educate the public about the historic case. That year, a marker was also placed at Press and Royal streets, where Plessy was arrested for boarding a whites-only passenger car. Sources Barnes, Robert. â€Å"Plessy and Ferguson: Descendants of a Divisive Supreme Court Decision Unite.† The Washington Post, June 5, 2011.â€Å"Plessy v. Ferguson: Who Was Plessy?† PBS.org.â€Å"A Brief History of the Evolution of the Case.† Plessy Ferguson Foundation.â€Å"1892: Homer Plessys train ride makes history in New Orleans.† The Times-Picayune, Sept. 27, 2011.

The Brown s A Forest, And The Devil ! - 1742 Words

The Brown’s, A Forest, and The Devil! Oh My Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† tells a tale of when man, who is supposedly good in nature, faces temptation and evil head on. The story, much like the tale of Adam Eve, is an allegory for the evil and selfishness of mankind; for young Goodman Brown s fight with his inner temptations and his outward struggle with the devil himself represents mankind s lost encounter within the battle of good and evil. Though it is not clear whether the events in the forest are real or not, the duplicity of the characters and surrounding objects suggest Hawthorne s true purpose is to expose the evil in all mankind, even in faith or a good man. Hawthorne goes as far to make Faith a literal person and a†¦show more content†¦Brown has clearly met the Devil before as he is late for their reunion, suggesting that they had previously been in contact to set a meeting. Despite meeting the devil more than once his naà ¯vetà © allows him to assume wrongly that he can turn back at any point and return to faith without consequence. Starting the tale Goodman may have been true to his name, but as depicted the further he wanders into the heart of the devil’s territory the more he parallels his own beginning character. This further illustrates the author s point that all men are corrupted, as even a good man can be tricked and wooed by the Devil himself. Goodman is in denial of this throughout the beginning half of the story though he does finally realize when he feels a â€Å"loathful brotherhood by the sympathy of all that was wicked in his heart† (Hawthorne, 8), as even the character now realizes that all mankind have been tempted by and followed the devil. He hates what he knows now as truth, that despite thinking he was pure in heart he now knew that he was connected more than ever to evil. Additionally there is a more obvious analogy that mankind is inherently evil: the Devil bears â€Å"a considerable resemblance to him [Goodman]† ( Hawthorne, 2); the biggest hint thatShow MoreRelatedNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown Essay1274 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† the devil says, â€Å"Evil is the nature of mankind† (â€Å"Young† 627). Since Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit and attempted to hide conceal their sin from God, humans have tried to hide their sin from others. Although everyone sin is human nature, everyone has a different reaction to sin. While some acknowledge sin, others ignore it. In Hawthorne’s other short story, â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† Father Hooper wears a black veil to represent the sin heRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1312 Words   |  6 PagesWithin Nathaniel Hawthorne s short story Young Goodman Brown (p.317), Young Goodman Brown travels through a dark and mysterious forest late at night. Ignoring the pleas of his pure wife Faith, he ventures deep into the woods with many dangers around him, only to emerge in the morning a changed man with bewildered views on his own Puritan life and the Puritan community around him. At the cause for this change in mindset, the dream of an old man symbolizing the devil appears, showing him the communityRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is a short story that is filled with symbols and mystery. Nathaniel Hawthorne provides plenty forms of symbolism for readers to digest. Hawthorne displays strong faith as the greatest virtue for a man or woman, and when the faith is compromised, one can be filled with skepticism and uncertainty towards the rest of the world. The story begins as a conventional allegory, creating the expectation that the characters will be able to consistently display the abstractions they symbolizeRead MoreHawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1465 Words   |  6 PagesGoodman Brown In the short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Goodman Brown sets out on a mysterious â€Å"errand† into the woods unaware of the magnitude of evil that will later overwhelm him. Although Brown is reluctant to continue on the journey the old man is cunning and persuasive slowly intriguing him to keep going. Once he reaches his destination he is shaken up by the discovery that he is at a black mass, and that most of the townspeople including his wife, Faith, are there.Read MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1695 Words   |  7 PagesShort story, Young Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne is set in Puritan New England. Hawthorne uses symbolism, description, scenery, and Goodman’s journey to illustrate and symbolize the battle of good versus evil. In the first scene, we see how Young Goodman Brown leaves his wife, Faith, to start on his â€Å"evil† journey through the woods. Though Faith asks him to stay with her, he chooses to continue on even though he knows the evilness lies ahead. As the story continues, we see how HawthorneRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown:: Analyzing Browns Identity1190 Words   |  5 PagesIn the short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Nathaniel Hawthorne sets the locale of the story during the Salem witch trials at his convenience to include the Calvinist theme of sin, that belief in which formed the early history of New England’s social and spiritual identity. As a dark romantic, Hawthorne includes the elements of human nature, mysticism, good and evil, and one’s own spirituality to convey his message to the reader. However, it is left to the reader’s own digression to interpret his ambiguousRead MoreSummary Of The Goodman Brown Essay1438 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Good man brown represent the common man, which brown have to leave his faith which is both of his belief and his wife behind for the night, so that he can pursue and face the devil that is inside himself, and in his family. Brown journey takes him really deep into the heart of the forest where he had encounters with his advisor on her way to a congregation, high ranking religious leaders from the village, and the devil. The devil is attempting to lure the reluctant Goodman Brown to the congregationRead MoreThe Curse Of A Vivid Dream915 Words   |  4 Pagesshadow. In the story Young Goodman Brown was once a great man. Now he sees everyone as a sinful and bitter person, how did this come to be? It all began one night when Young Goodman Brown had a dream that changed his life forever. In his dream he saw his wife and the good people of his town attend a Witches’ Sabbath. This changes Young Goodman Brown`s perception of reality and how he perceives everyone around him to be devil w orshippers. The changes Young Goodman Brown goes through mentally, affect hisRead MoreThe Hero s Journey Is Theory By Joseph Campbell925 Words   |  4 Pagesshadow. In the story Young Goodman Brown was once a great man. Now he sees everyone as a sinful and bitter person, how did this come to be? It all began one night when Young Goodman Brown had a dream that changed his life forever. In his dream he saw his wife and the good people of his town attend a Witches’ Sabbath. This changes Young Goodman Brown`s perception of reality and how he perceives everyone around him to be devil worshippers. The changes Young Goodman Brown goes through mentally, affect hisRead MoreThe Moral Complexity Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1681 Words   |  7 PagesThe Moral Complexity Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is about a Christian man, the title character who walks through a dark and dreary forest, witnessing some people in his community he thought were godly walking deeper into the â€Å"path of evil.† He has to make a decision whether to keep walking towards the satanic meeting or go back home. The characters Hawthorne chooses have some relation to either the trials or the Christian way of life. Back in the middle 1900s, the society relied heavily

Analysis of Strategic Management

Question: Describe about the strategic management. Answer: Executive Summary: Strategic management is defined as a art and science in which a company or management formulate, evaluate and take necessary steps to implement the cross functional decisions within the organization which helps the organization to achieve the Goals which are required for proper Growth. Strategic management mainly focuses on integrating marketing, finance, manufacturing and all the necessary and required for the proper function of an Organization. The term Strategic management was first originated in the 1950s and in the upcoming decades it becomes famous as well in the different sections of the Industries. That time its believed that the strategic planning is one of the vital options for the dissolution of many organization related issues. The strategic planning is considered as a Game plan for a company as its believed that the company is basically working on the Strategic plans to achieve the desired Goals. (David, 2011). The Company: The Company which I have chosen for this assignment is the Willmar International Limited; the company has taken over Goodman Fielder in the year 2015. The companys business activities include oil palm cultivation, oilseeds crushing, specialty fats, edible oils reining, oleo chemicals, biodiesel and fertilizers manufacturing and grains processing. The core strategy of the company is to integrate the whole value chain in the business which consists of the manufacturing, distributing as well as marketing of the products. Company has about 300 Plants which are distributed in different locations throughout world and they are mainly operating in Australia, Singapore, China, India and other 50+ countries. The overall workforce of the company is of 90000 peoples who are working in different location and taking care of all the operation related to the company. Company is operating extensively and they are expanding the market share in different sections of the market. Willmar International Li mited works on some core values which are Integrity, Excellence, and passion, Innovation, Teamwork and Safety. This show the companys core value in which (Annual Report, 2011) The Macro Environment of the company is considered as the factors which generally impacts the business decisions of the company. As Willmar international is mainly working in different Agribusiness sectors so the Economical and Geographical conditions of the countries where they are operating considered as Macro Environment. Willmar is worlds largest producer and processor of palm oil and with a well structured and distributed network of Supplies and Distribution. The processing plans of the company as well as the production plants are mainly situated in the countries which are major producers of the palm oil. The condition of the production growth as well as the market condition is considered as a Macro-factor of the company. ( Annual Report, 2011) Pestel Analysis: Political: The political stability of the Market countries plays a vast role in the Growth of the Country. Sudden change in the rule and regulations of the country could impact the Willmars activities and interests. Economic: The Economic Condition such as Inflation, Taxes severely impact the Public buying habits and companys sales. Social: Any kind of civil unrest or social working condition will impact the company operation in the Processing countries as well as in market countries. Technological: The Invention of new technologies which could be used by the company for fast and low cost processing and production. Legislative: Any change in the rule and regulation related with the countrys export and Import could Impact the country in long term operation of the Company. As per the potters five factors, Competitor. Different other companies which are also operating in same field. Geographical conditions which can impact the Palm production. Barrier to entry Threat of the Substitutes Economic status Strategy Company has taken over the company which is a Australia based Food processing company which was started by Mr. Geo Fielder in the year 1905. The company mainly deals with production and distribution of different Food products in Australian Market. As stated by the Heffernan in the Business day the Stockholders of the Goodman has voted for the merger of the company with the Willmar international limited which is a Multinational company headquarters in Singapore. The deal was closed on the $1.3 Billion. Chairman of the Company Steve stated that the company is looking to expand the business of the Willmar into the Australia and New Zealand and they are aware of the iconic status of the Goodman Fielder so this acquisition will help the company to compete with other companies. This corporate strategy is totally based upon the Horizontal Strategies of the Company (Heffernan, 2015). The decisions were taken in the sense of market expansion for the Willmar Limited and its subsidiaries. The c ompany is already operating in the Asia and some parts of Europe and the market which was untouched by the company are now being covered by the acquisition of the companies. Apart from that the company is also using different strategies for the market expansion as well as the business portfolio expansion. Willmar International is also considering introducing some Indo foods into the Australian Market so that they can introduce more and more product and increase the business share of the company. This is a perfect business strategy by the company so that they can get an edge over the competitor companies. Easier in the year Goodman has suffered a 50 per cent drop in the banking profit, as Mr. Nicholson. States that the dropping Profit margin is considered as a challenge for the company but we are making the strategies by putting the customers in the centre. The help from the Willmar and market expansion strategy will help the company to catch the revenue cycle (Mitchell, 2015) The Strategy of a company which is developed by the management of the company which reflects its mission and values which is particularly based upon the Goal which the company has to achieve. The corporate strategy Provides clear direction and a blueprint of the planning which will be implemented by the company for the long term business. There could be different corporate Strategies which can be implemented in a Company. These are, Value creating Strategies: These Strategies are basically adopted by the Companies to get a edge over the competitors. Value- Neutral Strategies: The Company adopts these strategies if they have to retain the current market share without increasing the capital and the manpower in the organization. Value- Reducing Strategies: When the market and the customers as well the stockholders of a business start to think that the Growth of the company is mainly concentrated in the upper position. In that case to avoid the negative Growth the companies generally adopt these strategies so that they can manage the market. ( Bradley, 2013) Corporate Strategies are the Concentration Strategies, Diversification Strategies and the Outsourcing. Concentration and Diversification is further divided into Horizontal and Vertical Integration as well as into the Related and Unrelated Diversification. In the case of Willmar the company is adopting the HI Strategies through which they are operating and expanding the company in different Geographic Locations on same point on an industry value chain. Swot analysis: SWOT analysis helps us to develop the strategy and tactics to have a growth and succeed in the business. It is a short form of weakness, strength, threats and opportunities. It is mainly carried out for an organization, place, product and the external factors which are favorable and unfavorable to achieve the goal or objectives. In the case of Willmar International Limited who is operating in different segments such as Palm oil, food processing so they have a good product base which could be utilized to increase the market share. Here I am enlisting the 4 Prospects of the SWOT analysis. Strength Global Presence of the company. Huge Capital and market exploration A number of portfolios Well established Distribution and Management. Weakness: New in Food Industry in Australia. Need to know he Market Competition and Market condition in Australia. Opportunity They could explore an untouched Market, in which they can also sell the Palm oil and Products. Huge Market Demand Well established and Iconic Brand Goodman Fielder Threat: Market Competition Reducing Market share of the Goodman Fielder. Changing Market and Economical conditions. What is meant by the terms Stakeholders and Stakeholder Theory? Was the decision intended to favors all, or only some stakeholders and why? Stockholder: Stockholders are those who are directly or indirectly involved with the corporation and decision taken by the Management of the organization has impact over the Stockholders interests. These are directly or indirectly impacted by the organizational move so the companies and Organizations generally take care about the stockholders and there interest. The decision to take over the Company by the Willmar International Limited was taken by the Board of directors and Governors, while taking the decision regarding the acquisition company must takes care the interest of the stockholders. In this case the decision was taken collectively so that the Stockholders interest shouldnt be ignored. Every aspect o the business was taken care by the Management and they collectively came into a point where they have taken over the company. The Company Goodman Fielder is one of the fastest growing companies which have a significant market share in the same field where the Willmar internatio nal is operation. The acquisition would help the company to increase the market share in the Australian market and expand the organizations operation in different areas and sections. The Goodman Fielder Stockholders have voted for the merger o the company with the Willmar, as this was an 1.3 billion dollar agreement. Goodman Profit percent has dropped by 50 % due to increasing market competition and challenges which occurred in front of the company. The merger with the Willmar International will help them to explore market effectively and retain the market share. (David Koh, 2015) Outcomes: The merger decision was occurred in the year 2015, between the Global Giant Willmar International and Australian Food products company Goodman Fielder. There could not be significant impact on the company in current fiscal year. I have measured the impact over the company in 2 different objectives. Financial Base Market Share These two bases are considered as two most important objectives for the Growth of the company. Financial Base: In Global operations, the Company has got a profit of 1.03 billion dollars, with total revenue of 38.78 Billion Dollars ( Financial report, 2015). As company is operating in different locations and the merger happened in the starting of the 2015, there is significant loss in the case total revenue and the net profit of the company. The revenue of the company has decreased to the 38.78 billion dollars from the 43.25 billion dollar in the financial year 2014. The share of the Sugar and the other section has increased in the financial year of 2015, where as there is significant decrease in the sales of Tropical oil. Here we can see that the Australian Market of the company mainly consists of Sugar and Food section which is directly related with the products of Goodman Fielder. There is a little Growth in the sugar sales in Australian market. ( Financial Report, 2015) Source: Financial Report, 2015 Source: Financial report, 2015 Market Share: The Market share of the Willmar International has increased with the merger of the Goodman Fielder. The Sugar Industry of Australia is increasing with average rate of 1.8 % which is reaching the annual revenue of 3 billion dollars (IBIS sugar production report, 2015). The total revenue collection of the company in the financial year has reflected net profit of 29 million dollar, which is 1 percent lower than the profit earned in financial year 2014. There was a growth in the dairy and bread products, The Grocery and the baking products sales has decreased by a significant amount. Normalized EBIT of $77.3 was steady compared to the $77.2 million in the financial year 2014. The Net interest expense is increased by 2.5 % , the share of the company has decreased after the merger of the company with the Wilmer International limited (Langley, 2015).As here we can say that the Market share of the Wilmer International has Increased by a significant amount due to this merger. No w company is trying to introduce different food products in the Australian market which will help the company to achieve the target and increase the customer base. The decrease in the profit and revenue of the Wilmer is due to the decrease in the sales of Tropical oils so we cannot blame this acquisition for this loss. Overall this merger is going to help the Wilmer to make a significant impact over the Australian Market. Conclusion: The assignment was basically based upon the Strategy management, how could a company implement and get benefitted by the strategy management. I have Chooses Wilmer International limited which as the company which has taken over the Goodman Fielder company. This merger is as per the Concentration strategies of the Company and the management. The company has followed by the Horizontal Integration (HI) strategy. I have described the Kind of strategy which companies implement for the business process and also did PESTEL and SWOT analysis of the company. In the last section I have discussed the Outcomes of the strategies of Merger which the company has followed for the Market Expansion. The market expansion and the Internalization are becoming popular among the business houses for the business expansion. These are under the corporate strategies which are linked with the internationalization. This Strategy management is necessary for the companies so that they can effectively plan and impl ement it for the Growth of the Company or Organization. This also takes care the interests of the Stockholders which are an important part of the Organization. Reference: Company Description - Businessweek". investing.businessweek.com. Retrieved 30 May 2016. "Wilmar's Harvest". Forbes. 9 August 2010. "Wilmar International (WLMIY) Stock Price, Financials and News | Global 500". fortune.com. Retrieved 30 May 2016. Losing land to palm oil in Kalimantan bbc 3.8.2007 Kuok Khoon Hong on Singapore's 40 Richest (2009) Forbes 9.9.2009 Martua Sitorus on Indonesia's 40 Richest (2009) Forbes 2.12.2009 Helena Varkkey, The Haze Problem in Southeast Asia (Abingdon: Routledge, 2015), p. 90 "palmnewsdetail". palmnews.mpob.gov.my. Retrieved 30 May 2016. Langley, 2015, Goodman Fielders results reflecting difficult trading conditions Koh David, Goodman Fielder Accepts Wilmar-First Pacifics Offer; Retrieved From Mitchell, 2015, Goodman Fielder CEO Chris Delaney departs as Wilmar, First Pacific take control; Retrieved From Heffernan, 2015, Goodman Fielder approves $1.3b Wilmar International, First Pacific takeover.